Vodafone’s “Network Shutdowns in a Connected World” report recorded at least 313 deliberate internet shutdowns in 52 countries during 2025, the highest number on record.

The study estimates that roughly 800 million people experienced some form of internet or network restriction that year, with the global economic impact approaching $20 billion.

Low‑ and middle‑income nations bore a disproportionate share of the losses, according to the report’s analysis.

Nature of the restrictions

Full internet blackouts in 2025 lasted 47 % longer than in 2024, while single‑platform social‑media shutdowns rose by 66 %, showing a trend toward longer and more targeted restrictions.

Vodafone notes that prolonged restrictions disrupt essential services such as emergency communications, healthcare, education platforms and financial systems.

Social and economic consequences

The report highlights disruptions to healthcare, education, public safety and livelihoods, with low‑income households and rural communities facing the greatest difficulty accessing alternatives.

Repeated shutdowns are linked to reduced activity across sectors, creating cumulative losses as economies become increasingly dependent on digital connectivity.

Vodafone’s proposed governance framework

Vodafone proposes a Transparent Governance Framework that would treat shutdowns as exceptional, last‑resort measures requiring a clear legal basis, a demonstrable public‑policy objective and evidence of necessity.

The framework calls for written orders, independent oversight, regular reviews, judicial challenge options and public reporting on the rationale and impact of any restriction.

Joakim Reiter, Vodafone’s Chief External & Corporate Affairs Officer, said blanket network shutdowns are never proportionate and urged governments to re‑examine their use, emphasizing the need for stronger safeguards.