The Communications Authority (CA) has issued a draft Satellite Frequency Licensing Framework, 2026, outlining licensing and frequency authorisation requirements for satellite operators offering internet, TV, mobile connectivity and other services in Kenya.

Under the proposal, operators must hold a relevant operating licence and a separate frequency authorisation, with licences divided into five categories such as Landing Rights Authorisation for signal transmission and International Gateway Systems and Services Licence for operating international gateways.

Additional licence types include Network Facility Provider, Application Service Provider and Communications Equipment Distributor licences, covering infrastructure, end‑user services and equipment supply.

The framework applies to both geostationary orbit (GSO) and non‑geostationary orbit (NGSO) satellites, noting that NGSO systems, especially Low Earth Orbit constellations, have lowered deployment costs and can deliver lower‑latency services.

Because NGSO and GSO satellites share frequency bands with terrestrial networks, the CA warns of heightened interference risk and calls for stronger regulatory oversight, including frequency monitoring systems to resolve conflicts.

Specific service categories covered include fixed satellite services (gateway stations, VSATs, ESIMs), mobile satellite services for maritime, aeronautical and land use, and broadcasting satellite services delivering TV and radio.

Applicants for gateway Earth stations must obtain an International Gateway Systems and Services Licence, submit required documents and pay an annual frequency utilisation fee, with the authorisation lasting the licence term.

VSAT operators need a Landing Rights Authorisation for the satellite and a VSAT licence, also subject to an annual utilisation fee, while ESIM providers must hold an Application Service Provider Licence or partner with a licensed entity.

All electronic equipment used in satellite networks must receive type approval from the CA, covering core network gear and customer devices, and licensed providers must keep records of terminal locations and submit periodic reports.

The CA has opened a public consultation, inviting comments on the draft rules, clarity and proportionality for both GSO and NGSO systems, with submissions due by 6 Nov 2026 via email.

The consultation paper and submission format are available on the Authority’s website, and the CA notes the framework may be reviewed periodically to meet legal obligations.