Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) states that foreign nationals must be at least 18 years old to use the standard adult citizenship application process.

Children under 18 are directed to one of two minor pathways, depending on whether they have a Canadian parent or a parent applying for citizenship at the same time.

The Minor 5(2) stream applies to children who have at least one Canadian parent or whose parent is filing a citizenship application concurrently; the application must be submitted by a parent, adoptive parent or legal guardian.

Under Minor 5(2) the child must already hold permanent resident status and must not be barred by any citizenship prohibition.

The Minor 5(1) stream covers children without a Canadian parent and whose parent is not applying for citizenship; a broader range of adults, including legal custodians, may submit the application, and the applicant does not need to be a Canadian citizen.

If no suitable adult is available, the minor may file the application independently.

Minor 5(1) applicants must also meet the physical‑presence requirement in Canada and may need to show tax filings, in addition to holding permanent resident status.

Teenagers aged 14 to 17 who receive approval must attend a formal citizenship oath ceremony, whereas children under 14 are exempt from the oath.

IRCC advises applicants and families to consult the official citizenship eligibility guidance before submitting any application.